Sand - A cohesiveness aggregate of round and angular fragments of rock with a particle size between 2.0 and .05 mm. Used in Mortar, Grout and Concrete

Saw Cut - A cut in hardened concrete utilizing diamond or silicone-carbide blades or discs for cutting concrete.

Scaling - Flaking or peeling away of the near-surface portion of hydraulic cement, concrete or mortar

Screed - 1) To strike off concrete lying above the desired plane or shape. 2) A tool for striking off the concrete surface, sometimes referred to as a Strikeoff.

Sealant – A penetrating, topical or water curing method to assist concrete for a maximum set and hardness

Set: Transformation of cement paste or concrete from a fluid-like consistency to a stiff mass.

Settlement Shrinkage - A reduction in volume of concrete prior to the final set of cementitious mixtures; caused by settling of the solids and decreases in volume due to the chemical combination of water with cement. See Plastic Shrinkage.

Shrinkage Crack - Crack from restraint of volume reduction due to shrinkage or temperature contraction; usually occurring within the first few days after placement of concrete.

Silicone - A resin, characterized by water-repellent properties, in which the main polymer chain consists of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, with carbon-containing side groups; silicones may be used in joint sealing compounds, caulking or coating compounds, or admixtures for concrete.

Silt - Soil material composed of particles between .005 and .05 mm in diameter. Not a good substrate for concrete placement

Slump - A measure of consistency of freshly mixed concrete, equal to the subsidence measured to the nearest 1/4-inch (6-mm) of the molded specimen immediately after removal of the slump cone.

Slump test: Test used to determine concrete workability.

Soil - The loose surface material of the earth's crust, the base for most concrete construction

Spalling, Compression - Cracking, breaking, chipping, or fraying of concrete slab edges within 0.6 meter of a transverse joint.

Spalling, Sliver - Chipping of concrete edge along a joint sealant; usually within 12 millimeters of the joint edge.

Spalling, Surface - Cracking, breaking, chipping, or fraying of concrete slab surface; usually within a confined area less than 0.5 square meters.

Stabilize - To make soil form and prevent it from moving. Necessary for solid foundation before concrete placement

Static - Having no motion; being at rest. Concrete cracks can be static

Sub-base - The layer of material placed to furnish strength to the base of a concrete or asphalt road.

Sub grade - The surface produced by grading native earth, or cheap imported materials which serve as a base for more expensive paving. Necessary for concrete and asphalt finished road materials